Triterpene saponins, Centelloids · Nootropic, Anxiolytic, Adaptogen
Harm Reduction
Standard dosing for cognitive and anxiolytic effects is 250-500 mg of a standardized extract (containing 30-40% centelloids or specified asiaticoside content) twice daily. For raw dried herb/powder, 1...
Read full harm reduction guideGotu kola's neurological effects involve multiple pathways: (1) GABAergic modulation — asiatic acid and related triterpenes enhance GABA-A receptor function, increasing inhibitory neurotransmission and producing anxiolytic effects. This mechanism has been confirmed in rodent studies showing reversal of anxiety-like behavior. (2) BDNF and neurogenesis — gotu kola extracts increase BDNF expression and promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus, with effects observed even in aged animals. Asiatic acid specifically activates CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) signaling, a key transcription factor for BDNF. (3) Acetylcholinesterase inhibition — moderate inhibition of AChE increases acetylcholine availability, contributing to memory enhancement. (4) Antioxidant neuroprotection — the triterpenes have potent free radical scavenging activity and enhance endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase). (5) Collagen synthesis — outside the brain, asiaticoside is a potent stimulator of type I and III collagen synthesis, explaining its wound healing and anti-aging skin benefits.
Gotu kola also reduces TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and other inflammatory mediators, providing anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
No documented interactions.
Gotu kola has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for at least 3,000 years, described in ancient texts as medhya rasayana (a rejuvenative for the mind). In the classical Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita, it is listed among herbs that promote intelligence, memory, and longevity. In Chinese traditional medicine, it is known as ji xue cao and was reportedly used by the legendary Tai Chi Chuan master Li Ching-Yuen, who allegedly lived to be over 200 years old (a mythological claim, but indicative of the herb's reputation for longevity).
In Sri Lanka, the observation that elephants — animals known for their exceptional longevity and memory — feed on gotu kola contributed to its reputation as a brain and longevity herb. The Sinhalese proverb two leaves a day keeps old age away refers to gotu kola.
Modern scientific investigation began in the 1940s-1950s with studies on wound healing, leading to the development of titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) for dermatological use. Neurological research accelerated in the 2000s, with studies confirming cognitive enhancement and anxiolytic effects. The standardized extract ECa-233 has been the subject of multiple clinical trials in Thailand.
Standard dosing for cognitive and anxiolytic effects is 250-500 mg of a standardized extract (containing 30-40% centelloids or specified asiaticoside content) twice daily. For raw dried herb/powder, 1-2 g twice daily is typical.
Cycle use: the traditional recommendation and some clinical guidance suggests using gotu kola for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week break to prevent potential hepatotoxicity. This is a precautionary measure, though most users tolerate longer-term use well.
Gotu kola may enhance the effects of sedative medications, benzodiazepines, and other CNS depressants. It has mild blood-thinning properties — discontinue before surgery and use cautiously with anticoagulants. Those with liver disease should avoid use or consult a healthcare provider.
Gotu kola is not the same as kola nut (Cola nitida, which contains caffeine). Despite the similar name, gotu kola is caffeine-free. The fresh herb can be eaten in salads, which is common in Sri Lankan and Thai cuisine.
Gotu kola has been used safely for centuries in traditional medicine. Modern clinical trials using standardized extracts up to 1000 mg daily for 2-3 months have shown good tolerability. Side effects may include headache, GI discomfort, dizziness, and skin sensitivity. Rare cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported with very high doses or prolonged use — liver function should be monitored with use exceeding 6 weeks at high doses. Contact dermatitis is possible in sensitive individuals. Gotu kola may have mild sedative effects at higher doses.
No addiction potential.
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