DOI (2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine) occupies a unique dual identity in the world of psychoactive compounds: it is simultaneously an active psychedelic drug in humans and one of the most important research tools in modern neuroscience . When labeled with radioactive iodine-125 as [125I]-DOI, it became the standard radioligand for mapping the distribution and density of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors throughout the brain — a role that has generated over 800 published studies since 1977 .
As a psychedelic, DOI is active in humans at doses of 1.5 to 3 mg orally, producing effects that last 16 to 30 hours — among the longest durations of any psychedelic compound . The experience includes vivid visual hallucinations, intense cognitive shifts, and significant body stimulation consistent with its amphetamine backbone. However, DOI has never achieved significant recreational popularity, in part due to its extreme duration and the clinical, "analytical" quality of its headspace that many users find less appealing than LSD or psilocybin.
DOI's true significance lies in what it has taught science about the serotonin system. The compound's high selectivity for 5-HT2A/2C receptors, combined with the ability to radiolabel it via its iodine atom, made it the ideal probe for autoradiographic brain mapping studies . Virtually every modern map of 5-HT2A receptor distribution in the mammalian brain was generated using [125I]-DOI, making it arguably the single most important compound in psychedelic neuroscience research.
References
- Pottie, E. et al. "1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI): From an Obscure to Pivotal Member of the DOX Family." ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci., 2024.
- Shulgin, A.T. & Shulgin, A. PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. Transform Press, 1991.
- McKenna, D.J. et al. "Common receptors for hallucinogens in rat brain: a comparative autoradiographic study using [125I]LSD and [125I]DOI." Brain Research, 476(1), 1989.
Safety at a Glance
High Risk- Australia: DOI is not listed as a prohibited substance in The Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Po...
- Austria: DOI is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).
- Toxicity: The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOI do not seem to have been studied in any scientific cont...
- Overdose risk: Overdose -not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most ...
If someone is in crisis, call 911 or Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222
Dosage
oral
Duration
oral
Total: 16 hrs – 24 hrsHow It Feels
DOI comes on like a slow-building electrical current. For the first one to two hours, the changes are subtle enough to question: a slight sharpening of contrast in the visual field, a faint buzz of energy in the chest, a sense that attention is being involuntarily drawn to detail. Then, incrementally but unmistakably, the analytical character of DOI begins to assert itself. Thoughts become more structured and rigorous, as though the mind has shifted into a higher gear of systematic processing. Patterns in conversation, in music, in the arrangement of objects on a desk, all become more apparent, more interesting, more demanding of examination.
The visual effects emerge with deliberate precision. Colors brighten, but not with the liquid extravagance of DOC. Instead, DOI's palette is cleaner, more defined, almost diagrammatic. Surfaces develop fine geometric overlays that have a technological or architectural quality. Lines become straighter, angles more prominent, and the visual field takes on a kind of enhanced-resolution sharpness, as though perception has been upgraded from standard to high definition. Closed-eye visuals tend toward structured, kaleidoscopic imagery that evolves with mathematical regularity.
At the peak, which establishes itself around three to four hours in and persists for another four to six, the cognitive effects are the dominant feature. DOI lends the mind a tireless, almost compulsive analytical energy. Ideas are dissected, recombined, and examined from multiple perspectives with unusual speed and clarity. This can be deeply productive and insightful, or it can become exhausting, as the mind refuses to rest on any conclusion for long before finding another angle to explore. Emotionally, DOI is less warm than many psychedelics. There is a detachment, a cool objectivity that can feel liberating or sterile depending on the setting. The body is stimulated throughout, with elevated heart rate, jaw tension, mild vasoconstriction, and a persistent restless energy.
The descent is characteristically slow for the DOx family. The analytical intensity gradually softens over many hours, but the stimulation lingers stubbornly. Sleep is typically impossible for twelve to eighteen hours after ingestion. The tail end of the experience often involves a slightly uncomfortable combination of mental fatigue and physical wakefulness, as if the body has not received the memo that the mind is ready to stop. The following day may feel washed-out and flat, though some users report a lasting sense of clarity from the insights generated during the peak.
Subjective Effects
The effects listed below are based on the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal reports and personal analyses. They should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism. These effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects.
Physical Effects
Physical(17)
- Appetite suppression— A distinct decrease in hunger and desire to eat, ranging from reduced interest in food to complete d...
- Bodily control enhancement— Bodily control enhancement is the subjective feeling of improved physical precision, coordination, a...
- Dehydration— A state of insufficient bodily hydration manifesting as persistent thirst, dry mouth, and physical d...
- Diarrhea— Diarrhea is the occurrence of frequent, loose, or watery bowel movements as a side effect of certain...
- Increased blood pressure— Increased blood pressure (hypertension) is an elevation of arterial pressure above the normal 120/80...
- Increased heart rate— A noticeable acceleration of heartbeat that can range from a subtle awareness of one's pulse to a fo...
- Increased libido— A marked enhancement of sexual desire, arousal, and sensitivity to erotic stimuli that can range fro...
- Increased salivation— Increased salivation (hypersalivation or sialorrhea) is the excessive production of saliva beyond wh...
- Laughter fits— Spontaneous, uncontrollable, and often prolonged episodes of intense laughter that erupt without any...
- Nausea— An uncomfortable sensation of queasiness and stomach discomfort that may or may not lead to vomiting...
- Physical euphoria— An intensely pleasurable bodily sensation that can manifest as waves of warmth, tingling electricity...
- Pupil dilation— A visible enlargement of the pupil diameter (mydriasis) that can range from subtle widening to drama...
- Sedation— A state of deep physical and mental calming that manifests as a progressive desire to remain still, ...
- Seizure— Uncontrolled brain electrical activity causing convulsions and loss of consciousness -- a life-threa...
- Stimulation— A state of heightened physical and mental energy characterized by increased wakefulness, elevated mo...
- Teeth grinding— An involuntary clenching and rhythmic grinding of the jaw muscles, known clinically as bruxism, that...
- Vasoconstriction— A narrowing of blood vessels throughout the body that produces sensations of cold extremities, tingl...
Tactile(1)
- Tactile enhancement— The sense of touch becomes dramatically heightened, making physical contact feel intensely pleasurab...
Cognitive & Perceptual Effects
Visual(19)
- After images— A visual phenomenon in which a faint, ghostly imprint of a previously viewed image persists in the v...
- Brightness alteration— Perceived increase or decrease in environmental brightness beyond actual illumination levels, common...
- Colour enhancement— An intensification of the brightness, vividness, and saturation of colors in the external environmen...
- Colour shifting— The visual experience of colors on objects and surfaces cycling through continuous, fluid transforma...
- Depth perception distortions— Alterations in how the distance of objects within the visual field is perceived, causing layers of s...
- Diffraction— The experience of seeing rainbow-like spectrums of color and prismatic halos embedded within bright ...
- Drifting— The visual experience of perceiving stationary objects, textures, and surfaces as appearing to flow,...
- External hallucination— A visual hallucination that manifests within the external environment as though it were physically r...
- Geometry— The experience of perceiving complex, ever-shifting geometric patterns superimposed over the visual ...
- Internal hallucination— Vivid, detailed visual experiences perceived within an imagined mental landscape that can only be se...
- Pattern recognition enhancement— An increased ability and tendency to perceive meaningful patterns, faces, and images within ambiguou...
- Perspective distortions— Distortion of perceived depth, distance, and size of real objects, making things appear closer, furt...
- Perspective hallucination— A hallucinatory phenomenon in which the observer's visual perspective shifts from the normal first-p...
- Settings, sceneries, and landscapes— The perceived environment in which hallucinatory experiences take place, ranging from recognizable l...
- Shadow people— The perception of dark, humanoid silhouettes lurking in peripheral vision or standing in direct line...
- Symmetrical texture repetition— Textures appear to mirror and tessellate across surfaces in intricate, self-similar symmetrical patt...
- Tracers— Moving objects leave visible trails of varying length and opacity behind them, similar to long-expos...
- Transformations— Objects and scenery undergo perceived visual metamorphosis, smoothly shapeshifting into other recogn...
- Visual acuity enhancement— Vision becomes sharper and more defined than normal, as though a slightly blurry lens has been broug...
Cognitive(23)
- Amnesia— A complete or partial inability to form new memories or recall existing ones during and after substa...
- Analysis enhancement— A perceived improvement in one's ability to logically deconstruct concepts, recognize patterns, and ...
- Anxiety— Intense feelings of apprehension, worry, and dread that can range from a subtle background unease to...
- Cognitive euphoria— A cognitive and emotional state of intense well-being, elation, happiness, and joy that manifests as...
- Conceptual thinking— A shift in the nature of thought from verbal, linear sentence structures to intuitive, non-linguisti...
- Confusion— An impairment of abstract thinking marked by a persistent inability to grasp or comprehend concepts ...
- Delusion— A delusion is a fixed, false belief that is held with unshakeable certainty and is impervious to con...
- Immersion enhancement— A heightened capacity to become fully absorbed and engrossed in external media such as music, films,...
- Increased sense of humor— A general amplification of one's sensitivity to finding things humorous and amusing, often causing p...
- Mania— Abnormally elevated mood, energy, and activity with impulsive behavior and grandiosity, associated w...
- Memory suppression— A dose-dependent inhibition of one's ability to access and utilize short-term and long-term memory, ...
- Novelty enhancement— A feeling of increased fascination, awe, and childlike wonder attributed to everyday concepts, objec...
- Panic attack— A panic attack is a discrete episode of acute, overwhelming fear or terror that arises suddenly and ...
- Paranoia— Irrational suspicion and belief that others are watching, plotting against, or intending harm toward...
- Personal bias suppression— A decrease in the personal, cultural, and cognitive biases through which one normally filters their ...
- Personal meaning enhancement— Personal meaning enhancement is a state in which everyday events, coincidences, song lyrics, environ...
- Psychosis— Psychosis is a serious psychiatric state involving a fundamental break from consensus reality — char...
- Sensed presence— Sensed presence is the vivid and often unshakeable feeling that an unseen conscious being — whether ...
- Thought acceleration— The experience of thoughts occurring at a dramatically increased rate, as if the mind has been shift...
- Thought connectivity— A state in which disparate thoughts, concepts, and ideas become fluidly and spontaneously interconne...
- Thought loops— Becoming trapped in a repeating cycle of thoughts, actions, and emotions that loops every few second...
- Time distortion— Subjective perception of time becomes dramatically altered — minutes may feel like hours, or hours p...
- Wakefulness— An increased ability to stay awake and alert without the desire to sleep. Distinct from stimulation ...
Auditory(1)
- Auditory hallucination— Auditory hallucination is the perception of sounds that have no external source — hearing music, voi...
Multi-sensory(2)
- Scenarios and plots— Scenarios and plots are the narrative structures that emerge within hallucinatory states — coherent ...
- Synaesthesia— Stimulation of one sense triggers involuntary experiences in another — seeing sounds as colors, tast...
Transpersonal(3)
- Ego death— A profound dissolution of the sense of self in which personal identity, memories, and the boundary b...
- Existential self-realization— A sudden, visceral realization of the profound significance and improbability of one's own existence...
- Unity and interconnectedness— A profound sense that identity extends beyond the self to encompass other people, nature, or all of ...
Pharmacology
Receptor Binding Profile
DOI is a high-affinity agonist at the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor family, with Ki values of 0.7 nM at 5-HT2A, 2.4 nM at 5-HT2C, and 20 nM at 5-HT2B . This binding profile makes it one of the most potent and selective 5-HT2A agonists known, with roughly 30-fold selectivity for 5-HT2A over 5-HT2B. In functional assays, DOI demonstrates high intrinsic efficacy — whether it functions as a full or partial agonist has been debated in the literature, with most recent evidence supporting high-efficacy partial agonism at 5-HT2A .
The Reference Compound for 5-HT2A Research
DOI's importance as a research tool cannot be overstated. The compound possesses a naturally occurring iodine atom at the 4-position of its aromatic ring, which can be replaced with radioactive iodine-125 ([125I]) without altering the molecule's pharmacological properties . This makes [125I]-R-(-)-DOI an ideal radioligand for receptor autoradiography — the technique used to map receptor distribution in brain tissue.
Autoradiographic studies using [125I]-DOI revealed high densities of 5-HT2A binding sites in the olfactory bulb, anterior cerebral cortex (particularly layer IV), claustrum, caudate putamen, and globus pallidus, while binding in the hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus was generally sparse . These maps fundamentally shaped our understanding of where serotonin exerts its psychedelic effects in the brain.
Head-Twitch Response
DOI is the standard compound used to elicit the head-twitch response (HTR) in rodents — a stereotyped, rapid rotational head movement that serves as the primary behavioral proxy for psychedelic activity in animal models . The HTR is mediated specifically by 5-HT2A receptor activation in cortical neurons and is blocked by selective 5-HT2A antagonists. A standard dose of 3 mg/kg DOI reliably produces peak HTR in mice, making it the reference agonist against which novel psychedelic compounds are compared .
Functional Selectivity and Neuroplasticity
Recent research has revealed that DOI promotes expression of plasticity-associated genes including CREB-dependent transcription factors in the rodent neocortex, suggesting a role in serotonin-mediated neuroplasticity that may underlie the therapeutic potential of psychedelics .
References
- Pottie, E. et al. "DOI: From an Obscure to Pivotal Member of the DOX Family." ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci., 2024.
- Frontiers in Pharmacology. "Binding and functional SAR of 4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl isopropylamine analogues at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B." 2023.
- McKenna, D.J. et al. "Common receptors for hallucinogens in rat brain." Brain Research, 476(1), 1989.
- Bhatt, S. et al. "Multiple conformations of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in rat brain." Experimental Brain Research, 231(4), 2013.
- Halberstadt, A.L. & Geyer, M.A. "Characterization of the head-twitch response induced by hallucinogens in mice." Psychopharmacology, 227(4), 2013.
- Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. "The Hallucinogenic 5-HT2A Receptor Agonist DOI Promotes CREB-Dependent Gene Expression." 2021.
Detection Methods
Urine Detection
DOI (4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine) is an amphetamine-derived psychedelic with a long duration of action and corresponding extended detection window. Due to its structural relationship to amphetamine, DOI and its metabolites may trigger presumptive positive results on standard amphetamine immunoassays. Urine detection windows are estimated at 2 to 4 days following ingestion when analyzed by immunoassay, and potentially longer with LC-MS/MS methods. The extended duration of action (up to 20 hours or more) means the body is eliminating parent compound and metabolites over a prolonged period.
Blood and Serum Detection
Blood detection windows for DOI are approximately 12 to 36 hours after oral ingestion, reflecting the compound's long pharmacological half-life. Peak plasma concentrations occur 2 to 4 hours post-ingestion. The slow offset of effects correlates with sustained measurable blood concentrations. LC-MS/MS provides the most sensitive and specific blood analysis.
Standard Drug Panel Inclusion
DOI is NOT specifically listed on standard 5-panel, 10-panel, or 12-panel drug screens. However, unlike most psychedelics, DOx-series amphetamines may cross-react with amphetamine immunoassays due to their intact amphetamine backbone. A presumptive positive for amphetamine on initial screening is a realistic possibility. On confirmatory testing by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS, the result would not confirm as amphetamine or methamphetamine, and would be reported as negative unless the laboratory specifically includes DOx compounds in their confirmatory panel. Most routine clinical laboratories do not test for DOx amphetamines.
Confirmatory Methods
Definitive identification of DOI requires GC-MS or LC-MS/MS with reference standards specific to DOx compounds. The amphetamine backbone makes GC-MS analysis straightforward without derivatization in most cases. Some forensic toxicology laboratories include DOx amphetamines in extended novel psychoactive substance panels. The relatively long detection window compared to other psychedelics provides a larger sampling window for confirmatory testing.
Reagent Testing (Harm Reduction)
The Marquis reagent produces variable color reactions with DOx amphetamines, ranging from orange-brown to olive-green depending on the specific compound. The Mecke reagent may produce blue-green to brown reactions. The Mandelin reagent typically shows green to brown. Critically, the Ehrlich reagent shows NO reaction with DOx amphetamines, which distinguishes them from lysergamides and tryptamines. Because DOx compounds are sometimes sold on blotter paper mimicking LSD, the Ehrlich test is an essential safety tool: absence of a purple reaction on blotter strongly suggests the substance is not LSD and may be a DOx compound or NBOMe. Given the very long duration of DOx compounds (12-24+ hours), correct identification prior to ingestion is important for safety planning.
Interactions
| Substance | Status | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 3-FMA | Caution | Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity |
| 4-MMC | Caution | Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity |
| 8-Chlorotheophylline | Caution | Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity |
| Adrafinil | Caution | Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity |
| Anandamide | Caution | Cannabis can unpredictably intensify psychedelic effects and increase anxiety |
| Cannabis | Uncertain | — |
| 1,3-Butanediol | Low Risk & Synergy | Cross-tolerance exists; effects compound |
| 25E-NBOH | Low Risk & Synergy | Cross-tolerance exists; effects compound |
| 2C-T | Low Risk & Synergy | Cross-tolerance exists; effects compound |
| 2C-T-2 | Low Risk & Synergy | Cross-tolerance exists; effects compound |
History
Synthesis and Early Research
DOI was first synthesized in 1973 by Coutts and Malicky as part of systematic structure-activity relationship studies exploring how different halogen substituents at the 4-position of 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine affected pharmacological potency . The compound was created primarily as a research tool rather than for human consumption, and its iodine atom would prove to be its most scientifically valuable feature.
Rise as a Neuroscience Research Tool
In the early 1980s, researchers recognized that DOI's iodine atom could be replaced with radioactive iodine-125, creating a radioligand ([125I]-DOI) capable of labeling serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in brain tissue . This discovery transformed DOI from an obscure halogenated amphetamine into one of the most widely used tools in serotonin research. By 1989, McKenna and colleagues had used [125I]-DOI alongside [125I]-LSD to produce the first comparative autoradiographic maps of hallucinogen binding sites in the rat brain .
Since then, DOI has generated over 800 scientific publications, serving as the reference agonist for 5-HT2A receptor studies in behavioral pharmacology, receptor binding assays, and more recently in research on psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity . It is the standard compound used to induce the head-twitch response in rodent models of psychedelic activity.
Limited Recreational Use
Unlike its DOx-family relative DOM, DOI never became a significant drug of abuse. Its extreme duration (16-30 hours), clinical reputation, and relatively modest availability outside of research laboratories have kept it largely within academic settings . It is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.
References
- Pottie, E. et al. "DOI: From an Obscure to Pivotal Member of the DOX Family." ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci., 2024.
- McKenna, D.J. et al. "Common receptors for hallucinogens in rat brain." Brain Research, 476(1), 1989.
Harm Reduction
Overdose -not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.almost immediately after ingestion. After that,5-710-14 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DOI presents cross-tolerance with Cross-all psychedelics, meaning that after the consumption of DOI all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Australia: DOI is not listed as a prohibited substance in The Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP).
Austria: DOI is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).
Brazil: DOI is illegal to possess, produce and sell as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.
Canada: DOI is listed as a Schedule 1 drug as it is an analogue of amphetamine. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.
Denmark: DOI became illegal on April 8, 2007.
Germany: DOI is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule II) as of December 13, 2014. It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.
Latvia: DOI is a Schedule I controlled substance.
Sweden: DOI is a Schedule I substance as of August 30, 2007; this was published by the Medical Products Agency in their regulation LVFS 2007:10.
Switzerland: DOI can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of a-Methylphenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.
Turkey:** DOI is a
Toxicity & Safety
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOI do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because DOI is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.
Anecdotal reports from users suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying it by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.
Overdose
The risk of a DOx overdose is present starting in or past the heavy dose range with sensitive people, or when a DOx is mixed with other substances, particularly stimulants or MAOIs. Non-oral routes also seem to exhibit a higher chance of overdosing, perhaps owing to differences in bioavailability, potency and unpredictability of dosage and effects. The effects of a DOx overdose typically include bizarre, delusional and sometimes violent behavior, amnesia, numbness, confusion and anxiety. The user may not be able to communicate and can be severely agitated. At appropriately high doses, more serious side effects such as psychosis, panic attacks and seizures which in turn further affect a dangerously elevated heart rate, blood pressure and vasoconstriction may occur. Severe vasoconstriction typically develops to its peak several hours into the intoxication and may require medical assistance if blood flow is significantly cut off for extended periods of time.
In the event of an overdose, benzodiazepines or antipsychotics can be administered to mitigate the hyperagitative effects. A powerful vasodilator may also need to be administered to prevent a hypertensive emergency, or in more serious cases, necrosis, organ failure and death from the resulting hypoxia. As a result, emergency medical services should always be sought in the event of a DOx overdose.
Tolerance and addiction potential
DOI is not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
Tolerance to the effects of DOI is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 5-7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 10-14 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DOI presents cross-tolerance with all psychedelics, meaning that after the consumption of DOI all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Dangerous interactions
Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Lithium - Lithium is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics significantly increases the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination is strictly discouraged.
Cannabis - Cannabis may have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of DOI. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid unintentional overdose.
Stimulants - Stimulants like amphetamine, cocaine or methylphenidate affect many parts of the brain and alter dopaminergic function. This combination can increase the risk of anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and thought loops. This interaction may also result in an elevated risk of mania and psychosis.
Tramadol - Tramadol is well-documented to lower the seizure threshold and psychedelics may act to trigger seizures in susceptible individuals.
Addiction Potential
not habit-forming
Overdose Information
Overdose -not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.almost immediately after ingestion. After that,5-710-14 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DOI presents cross-tolerance with Cross-all psychedelics, meaning that after the consumption of DOI all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
- Australia: DOI is not listed as a prohibited substance in The Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP).
- Austria: DOI is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).
- Brazil: DOI is illegal to possess, produce and sell as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.
- Canada: DOI is listed as a Schedule 1 drug as it is an analogue of amphetamine. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.
- Denmark: DOI became illegal on April 8, 2007.
- Germany: DOI is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule II) as of December 13, 2014. It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.
- Latvia: DOI is a Schedule I controlled substance.
- Sweden: DOI is a Schedule I substance as of August 30, 2007; this was published by the Medical Products Agency in their regulation LVFS 2007:10.
- Switzerland: DOI can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of a-Methylphenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.
- Turkey:** DOI is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.
- Un
Tolerance
| Full | almost immediately after ingestion |
| Half | 5-7 days |
| Zero | 10-14 days |
Cross-tolerances
Legal Status
Australia: DOI is not listed as a prohibited substance in The Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP).
Austria: DOI is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).
Brazil: DOI is illegal to possess, produce and sell as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.
Canada: DOI is listed as a Schedule 1 drug as it is an analogue of amphetamine. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.
Denmark: DOI became illegal on April 8, 2007.
Germany: DOI is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule II) as of December 13, 2014. It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.
Latvia: DOI is a Schedule I controlled substance.
Sweden: DOI is a Schedule I substance as of August 30, 2007; this was published by the Medical Products Agency in their regulation LVFS 2007:10.
Switzerland: DOI can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of a-Methylphenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.
Turkey:** DOI is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.
United Kingdom: DOI is illegal to produce, supply, or import under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.
United States: DOI is not scheduled in the United States, but it is likely that it would be considered an analog (of DOB) in which case sales or possession could be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act. DOI is regularly used in animal and in vitro research.
Florida: DOI is a Schedule I controlled substance in the state of Florida.
Responsible use
Psychedelic
Phenethylamine
DOI (Wikipedia)
DOI (Erowid Vault)
DOI (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)
Discussion
The Big & Dandy DOI Thread (Bluelight)
Experience Reports (1)
Tips (7)
If you snort DOI, use a clean straw (never shared), crush the powder as finely as possible, alternate nostrils, and rinse with saline spray after your session. Chronic insufflation damages nasal tissue and septum.
Do not combine DOI with MAOIs or other serotonergic drugs. Many stimulants have serotonergic activity, and combinations can cause serotonin syndrome or hypertensive crisis, both medical emergencies.
With a potential duration of 24+ hours, DOI can cause severe sleep deprivation and exhaustion. Have a benzodiazepine on hand as a trip-killer if needed. Dehydration and not eating for a full day are real risks — set alarms to remind yourself to drink water and eat small snacks.
DOI is active at 1.5-4mg. Like other DOx compounds, the onset is slow (1-2 hours) and the duration is extremely long (16-30 hours). Volumetric dosing from a known-concentration solution is the safest approach for such potent material.
DOI is frequently used in research as a reference 5-HT2A agonist. While this means its pharmacology is well-characterized, it doesn't mean it's safe to use casually. The vasoconstriction risk shared by all DOx compounds is real and dose-dependent. Keep doses conservative.
Have a landing plan for the DOI comedown. Prepare food, melatonin or magnesium, and a comfortable environment in advance. Avoid using depressants to manage the comedown as this creates polydrug dependency patterns.
Community Discussions (4)
See Also
Same Class
References (5)
- Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety — Griffiths et al. Journal of Psychopharmacology (2016)paper
- Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging — Carhart-Harris et al. PNAS (2016)paper
- PubChem: DOI
PubChem compound page for DOI (CID: 1229)
pubchem - DOI - TripSit Factsheet
TripSit factsheet for DOI
tripsit - DOI - Wikipedia
Wikipedia article on DOI
wikipedia